/**
 * List block tracker for UUID-aware list editing and serialization.
 *
 * Dependencies: wp.blocks, SFE.ElementPrep
 * Exposes:      SFE.ListBlockTracker
 */
(function() {
    'use strict';

	window.MWP      = window.MWP || {};
	window.MWP.SFE  = window.MWP.SFE || {};
	const SFE       = window.MWP.SFE;
	SFE.ManagerData = SFE.ManagerData || {};

    const { createBlock, serialize: serializeBlocks } = window.wp?.blocks || {};
    const UUID_ATTR_KEYS = ['mwpSfeUuid', 'mwpSfeUuidShadow'];
    const LIST_ITEM_TEXT_ATTR = 'data-mwp-sfe-list-item-text';
    const LIST_ITEM_TEXT_CLASS = 'mwp-sfe-list-item-text';
    const PLACEHOLDER_ATTR = 'data-rich-text-placeholder';
    const LIST_ID_ATTR = 'data-list-id';
    const LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR = 'data-item-id';
    const LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR = 'data-mwp-sfe-list-runtime-uuid';
    const LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR = 'data-mwp-sfe-list-item-runtime-uuid';

	/**
	 * Return whether one node is a nested list element.
	 *
	 * @param   {Node|null} node Candidate DOM node.
	 * @returns {boolean}        True when the node is a nested list.
	 */
	function isNestedListNode(node) {
		return !!(
			node &&
			node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE &&
			(node.tagName === 'UL' || node.tagName === 'OL')
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether one node is ignorable formatting whitespace between list
	 * structures.
	 *
	 * Pretty-printed block markup often leaves direct `\n` text nodes between a
	 * list item's own text and its nested child list. Those nodes should not be
	 * moved into the direct text surface because they become visible editing
	 * artifacts once wrapped.
	 *
	 * @param   {Node|null} node Candidate DOM node.
	 * @returns {boolean}        True when the node is ignorable whitespace.
	 */
	function isIgnorableListWhitespaceNode(node) {
		return !!(
			node &&
			node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE &&
			String(node.textContent || '')
				.replace(/\uFEFF/g, '')
				.replace(/\u00A0/g, ' ')
				.trim()
				.length === 0
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Return the direct inline text surface for one list item.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} liElement Candidate list item.
	 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}            Existing direct text surface, if any.
	 */
	function getDirectItemTextSurface(liElement) {
		if (!liElement || liElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE || liElement.tagName !== 'LI') {
			return null;
		}

		return Array.from(liElement.children || []).find(child => (
			child &&
			child.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE &&
			child.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_TEXT_ATTR) === '1'
		)) || null;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the DOM attribute name that stores one session-scoped runtime UUID.
	 *
	 * Runtime UUIDs are distinct from the existing serialization/attr UUIDs. They
	 * exist only while the editor session is open so external callers can point at
	 * the current live list cursor/target without having to manage shifting paths.
	 *
	 * @param   {string} type Supported runtime identity type.
	 * @returns {string}      Attribute name, or an empty string for invalid types.
	 */
	function getRuntimeUuidAttributeName(type) {
		if (type === 'list') {
			return LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR;
		}

		if (type === 'item') {
			return LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR;
		}

		return '';
	}

	/**
	 * Normalize one runtime UUID candidate.
	 *
	 * @param   {*} value Candidate runtime UUID.
	 * @returns {string}  Trimmed runtime UUID, or an empty string.
	 */
	function normalizeRuntimeUuid(value) {
		return String(value || '').trim();
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether one element matches the requested runtime-identity type.
	 *
	 * @param   {Element|null} element Candidate DOM element.
	 * @param   {string}       type    Supported runtime identity type.
	 * @returns {boolean}              True when the element matches the type.
	 */
	function isRuntimeIdentityElement(element, type) {
		if (!element || element.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
			return false;
		}

		if (type === 'list') {
			return element.tagName === 'UL' || element.tagName === 'OL';
		}

		if (type === 'item') {
			return element.tagName === 'LI';
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Return one tracked element by runtime UUID from the live DOM.
	 *
	 * This intentionally queries the current DOM first instead of trusting only a
	 * cached map so history restores and other structural replacements can keep
	 * runtime UUID resolution stable as long as the attributes remain present.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null} tracker      Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {string}      runtimeUuid  Session-scoped runtime UUID.
	 * @param   {string}      type         Supported runtime identity type.
	 * @returns {Element|null}             Matching live DOM element.
	 */
	function findElementByRuntimeUuid(tracker, runtimeUuid, type) {
		const normalizedRuntimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(runtimeUuid);
		const attrName = getRuntimeUuidAttributeName(type);
		if (
			!tracker?.listElement ||
			!normalizedRuntimeUuid ||
			!attrName ||
			!isRuntimeIdentityElement(tracker.listElement, 'list')
		) {
			return null;
		}

		if (
			type === 'list' &&
			tracker.listElement.getAttribute(attrName) === normalizedRuntimeUuid
		) {
			return tracker.listElement;
		}

		try {
			const selector = `[${attrName}="${CSS.escape(normalizedRuntimeUuid)}"]`;
			return tracker.listElement.querySelector(selector);
		} catch (error) {
			const escapedUuid = normalizedRuntimeUuid.replace(/"/g, '\\"');
			return tracker.listElement.querySelector(`[${attrName}="${escapedUuid}"]`);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return every direct text surface currently attached to one list item.
	 *
	 * Merge/delete flows can temporarily move multiple direct text surfaces into
	 * the same list item. The shared list normalizer must collapse them back to
	 * one canonical surface before placeholder syncing or serialization.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} liElement Candidate list item.
	 * @returns {HTMLElement[]}               Direct text surfaces in DOM order.
	 */
	function getAllDirectItemTextSurfaces(liElement) {
		if (!liElement || liElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE || liElement.tagName !== 'LI') {
			return [];
		}

		return Array.from(liElement.children || []).filter(child => (
			child &&
			child.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE &&
			child.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_TEXT_ATTR) === '1'
		));
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether one node is only placeholder/caret scaffolding.
	 *
	 * Duplicate direct text surfaces may carry empty placeholder anchors or
	 * caret `<br>` nodes. Those artifacts should be dropped when collapsing
	 * duplicate surfaces instead of being concatenated into visible stacks.
	 *
	 * @param   {Node|null} node Candidate DOM node.
	 * @returns {boolean}        True when the node is redundant placeholder UI.
	 */
	function isRedundantSurfaceArtifact(node) {
		if (!node) {
			return true;
		}

		if (isIgnorableListWhitespaceNode(node)) {
			return true;
		}

		if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {
			return String(node.textContent || '')
				.replace(/\uFEFF/g, '')
				.replace(/\u00A0/g, ' ')
				.trim()
				.length === 0;
		}

		if (node.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
			return false;
		}

		if (node.tagName === 'BR') {
			return true;
		}

		return !!node.hasAttribute?.(PLACEHOLDER_ATTR);
	}

	/**
	 * Ensure one list item owns one direct inline text surface.
	 *
	 * The root list remains the single live editor host, but this wrapper gives
	 * schema/ABE flows one stable DOM surface per list item's own text content.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} liElement Candidate list item.
	 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}            Ensured direct text surface.
	 */
	function ensureDirectItemTextSurface(liElement) {
		if (!liElement || liElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE || liElement.tagName !== 'LI') {
			return null;
		}

		let surface = getDirectItemTextSurface(liElement);
		if (!surface) {
			surface = document.createElement('span');
			surface.setAttribute(LIST_ITEM_TEXT_ATTR, '1');
			surface.classList.add(LIST_ITEM_TEXT_CLASS);
			liElement.insertBefore(
				surface,
				Array.from(liElement.childNodes || []).find(isNestedListNode) || null
			);
		}

		getAllDirectItemTextSurfaces(liElement)
			.filter(candidate => candidate && candidate !== surface)
			.forEach(duplicateSurface => {
				Array.from(duplicateSurface.childNodes || []).forEach(node => {
					if (isRedundantSurfaceArtifact(node)) {
						node.remove();
						return;
					}

					surface.appendChild(node);
				});
				duplicateSurface.remove();
			});

		const childNodes = Array.from(liElement.childNodes || []);
		childNodes.forEach(node => {
			if (
				node &&
				node !== surface &&
				!isNestedListNode(node) &&
				isIgnorableListWhitespaceNode(node)
			) {
				node.remove();
			}
		});

		const movableNodes = childNodes.filter(node => {
			if (!node || node === surface || isNestedListNode(node)) {
				return false;
			}

			if (isIgnorableListWhitespaceNode(node)) {
				return false;
			}

			return !(
				node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE &&
				node.getAttribute?.(LIST_ITEM_TEXT_ATTR) === '1'
			);
		});

		movableNodes.forEach(node => surface.appendChild(node));
		return surface;
	}

	/**
	 * Clone list attrs while optionally stripping plugin UUID ownership.
	 *
	 * The outermost core/list is the only persisted UUID owner for an entire
	 * list tree. Nested core/list blocks are structural children of that root.
	 * If we preserve a nested list UUID here, one accidental assignment can be
	 * re-serialized forever and split a single logical list into multiple
	 * history/edit targets. Keep this guard unless the ownership model changes
	 * everywhere else in PHP and JS at the same time.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object}  attrs                 Parsed Gutenberg attrs.
	 * @param   {boolean} allowUuidOwnership    True for the root list only.
	 * @returns {Object}                        Safe cloned attrs.
	 */
	function cloneListAttrs(attrs, allowUuidOwnership = true) {
		const clonedAttrs = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(attrs || {}));

		if (allowUuidOwnership) {
			return clonedAttrs;
		}

		UUID_ATTR_KEYS.forEach(key => delete clonedAttrs[key]);
		return clonedAttrs;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the direct list-item children for one list element.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLElement|null} listElement Candidate list element.
	 * @returns {HTMLLIElement[]}             Direct child list items.
	 */
	function getDirectListItems(listElement) {
		if (!listElement || listElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
			return [];
		}

		return Array.from(listElement.children || []).filter(child => child.tagName === 'LI');
	}

	/**
	 * Normalize one path-like value into zero-based list indexes.
	 *
	 * Supported inputs:
	 * - `0_1_2`
	 * - `1.2.3`
	 * - arrays of integers
	 *
	 * @param   {string|Array<number>|null} pathValue Candidate path value.
	 * @returns {number[]|null}                      Parsed zero-based indexes.
	 */
	function normalizePathIndexes(pathValue) {
		if (Array.isArray(pathValue)) {
			const indexes = pathValue.map(value => Number.parseInt(value, 10));
			return indexes.every(Number.isInteger) && indexes.every(index => index >= 0)
				? indexes
				: null;
		}

		const raw = typeof pathValue === 'string' ? pathValue.trim() : '';
		if (!raw) {
			return [];
		}

		const separator = raw.includes('.') ? '.' : '_';
		const parts = raw.split(separator).filter(Boolean);
		if (!parts.length) {
			return [];
		}

		const indexes = parts.map(part => Number.parseInt(part, 10));
		if (!indexes.every(Number.isInteger)) {
			return null;
		}

		if (separator === '.') {
			return indexes.every(index => index > 0)
				? indexes.map(index => index - 1)
				: null;
		}

		return indexes.every(index => index >= 0) ? indexes : null;
	}

	/**
	 * Convert one zero-based path index list into public path metadata.
	 *
	 * @param   {number[]} indexes Zero-based indexes.
	 * @returns {{path: string, pathLabel: string, depth: number}} Path metadata.
	 */
	function buildPathMeta(indexes) {
		const safeIndexes = Array.isArray(indexes) ? indexes.filter(Number.isInteger) : [];
		return {
			path: safeIndexes.join('_'),
			pathLabel: safeIndexes.map(index => index + 1).join('.'),
			depth: Math.max(0, safeIndexes.length - 1),
		};
	}

	/**
	 * Return the direct child list element for one list item.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} listItem Candidate list item.
	 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}            Direct nested list, if present.
	 */
	function getDirectChildList(listItem) {
		if (!listItem || listItem.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE || listItem.tagName !== 'LI') {
			return null;
		}

		return Array.from(listItem.children || []).find(child => (
			child.tagName === 'UL' || child.tagName === 'OL'
		)) || null;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the preferred nested list tag for one list item.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null} tracker  Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement} listItem Parent list item.
	 * @returns {string}               `UL` or `OL`.
	 */
	function getPreferredChildListTagName(tracker, listItem) {
		const directChildList = getDirectChildList(listItem);
		if (directChildList) {
			return directChildList.tagName;
		}

		const parentList = listItem?.parentElement;
		if (parentList && (parentList.tagName === 'UL' || parentList.tagName === 'OL')) {
			return parentList.tagName;
		}

		return tracker?.listElement?.tagName === 'OL' ? 'OL' : 'UL';
	}

	/**
	 * Return one direct child list for a list item, creating it only when needed.
	 *
	 * Outdent can promote one item and then re-home its trailing siblings beneath
	 * that promoted item. When the promoted item already owns a child list, those
	 * siblings must be appended into the existing list so the DOM mirrors native
	 * editor behavior instead of creating duplicate sibling list wrappers.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null}    tracker         Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement}  listItem        Parent list item.
	 * @param   {string}         preferredTagName Fallback list tag name.
	 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}               Direct child list element.
	 */
	function ensureDirectChildList(tracker, listItem, preferredTagName = '') {
		if (!listItem || listItem.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE || listItem.tagName !== 'LI') {
			return null;
		}

		let childList = getDirectChildList(listItem);
		if (childList) {
			return childList;
		}

		childList = document.createElement(
			preferredTagName || getPreferredChildListTagName(tracker, listItem)
		);
		childList.classList.add('wp-block-list');
		listItem.appendChild(childList);
		return childList;
	}

	/**
	 * Remove empty nested list wrappers up the ancestry chain.
	 *
	 * The root list element is never removed, even when it becomes empty.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null}      tracker   Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {HTMLElement|null} startList First candidate nested list.
	 * @returns {void}
	 */
	function cleanupEmptyAncestorLists(tracker, startList) {
		let currentList = startList;
		while (
			currentList &&
			currentList !== tracker?.listElement &&
			currentList.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE &&
			(currentList.tagName === 'UL' || currentList.tagName === 'OL') &&
			!getDirectListItems(currentList).length
		) {
			const parentItem = currentList.parentElement?.tagName === 'LI'
				? currentList.parentElement
				: null;
			currentList.remove();
			currentList = parentItem ? parentItem.parentElement : null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Build one new list item element from a structural operation payload.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null} operation Candidate operation payload.
	 * @returns {HTMLLIElement}         New list item element.
	 */
	function buildListItemFromOperation(operation) {
		const li = document.createElement('li');
		const directSurface = ensureDirectItemTextSurface(li);
		const runtimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
			operation?.itemUuid
			?? operation?.newItemUuid
		);
		const html = typeof operation?.contentHtml === 'string'
			? operation.contentHtml
			: (typeof operation?.html === 'string' ? operation.html : '');
		const text = typeof operation?.contentText === 'string'
			? operation.contentText
			: (typeof operation?.text === 'string' ? operation.text : '');

		if (html) {
			directSurface.innerHTML = html;
		} else if (text) {
			directSurface.textContent = text;
		}

		if (runtimeUuid) {
			li.setAttribute(LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR, runtimeUuid);
		}

		return li;
	}

	/**
	 * Copy one donor item's structural/style attributes onto the destination list
	 * item while preserving the destination runtime UUID.
	 *
	 * Native Enter list splitting happens inside the browser's contenteditable
	 * engine, so the new sibling inherits the source `li` element's attributes
	 * such as class and style automatically. API-driven insert/move operations
	 * should mirror that behavior by cloning the donor item's `li` attributes,
	 * except for the session-scoped runtime UUID which must stay unique.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} listItem   Destination list item.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} donorItem  Style/structure donor item.
	 * @returns {void}
	 */
	function copyDonorItemAttributes(listItem, donorItem) {
		if (
			!listItem ||
			listItem.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE ||
			listItem.tagName !== 'LI' ||
			!donorItem ||
			donorItem.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE ||
			donorItem.tagName !== 'LI'
		) {
			return;
		}

		const destinationRuntimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
			listItem.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR)
		);

		Array.from(listItem.attributes || []).forEach(attr => {
			if (attr?.name === LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR) {
				return;
			}

			listItem.removeAttribute(attr.name);
		});

		Array.from(donorItem.attributes || []).forEach(attr => {
			if (attr?.name === LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR) {
				return;
			}

			listItem.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value);
		});

		if (destinationRuntimeUuid) {
			listItem.setAttribute(LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR, destinationRuntimeUuid);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Reassign one list item's structural ID from its destination styling
	 * context.
	 *
	 * When an explicit target item is known, its structural `data-item-id`
	 * becomes the style donor for insert-before, insert-after, move-before, and
	 * move-after commands. This keeps the inheritance rule simple and matches the
	 * public API's explicit `targetItemUuid` model.
	 *
	 * For internal list-path insert/move cases that do not resolve through one
	 * target item, fall back to the local destination neighbors. If there is no
	 * neighboring item at all, clear the structural ID so the next tracker rebuild
	 * seeds a fresh item identity instead of accidentally preserving source attrs.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} listItem    Destination list item.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement|null} targetItem Explicit style donor item.
	 * @returns {string}                     Applied structural ID or an empty string.
	 */
	function inheritDestinationItemId(listItem, targetItem = null) {
		if (!listItem || listItem.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE || listItem.tagName !== 'LI') {
			return '';
		}

		const explicitTargetItem = targetItem && targetItem.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE && targetItem.tagName === 'LI'
			? targetItem
			: null;
		const previousItem = listItem.previousElementSibling?.tagName === 'LI'
			? listItem.previousElementSibling
			: null;
		const nextItem = listItem.nextElementSibling?.tagName === 'LI'
			? listItem.nextElementSibling
			: null;
		const inheritedId = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
			explicitTargetItem?.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR)
			|| previousItem?.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR)
			|| nextItem?.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR)
		);

		if (inheritedId) {
			listItem.setAttribute(LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR, inheritedId);
			return inheritedId;
		}

		listItem.removeAttribute(LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR);
		return '';
	}

	/**
	 * Apply one remove-list-item operation.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null}    tracker  Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement}  listItem Target list item.
	 * @returns {boolean}                True when the mutation applied.
	 */
	function applyRemoveListItemOperation(tracker, listItem) {
		if (!tracker?.listElement || !listItem) {
			return false;
		}

		const oldParentList = listItem.parentElement;
		listItem.remove();
		cleanupEmptyAncestorLists(tracker, oldParentList);
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply one indent-list-item operation.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null}    tracker  Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement}  listItem Target list item.
	 * @returns {boolean}                True when the mutation applied.
	 */
	function applyIndentListItemOperation(tracker, listItem) {
		if (!tracker?.listElement || !listItem) {
			return false;
		}

		const previousItem = listItem.previousElementSibling?.tagName === 'LI'
			? listItem.previousElementSibling
			: null;
		if (!previousItem) {
			return false;
		}

		const nestedList = ensureDirectChildList(tracker, previousItem);

		nestedList.appendChild(listItem);
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply one outdent-list-item operation.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null}    tracker  Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement}  listItem Target list item.
	 * @returns {boolean}                True when the mutation applied.
	 */
	function applyOutdentListItemOperation(tracker, listItem) {
		if (!tracker?.listElement || !listItem) {
			return false;
		}

		const parentList = listItem.parentElement;
		const parentItem = parentList?.parentElement?.tagName === 'LI'
			? parentList.parentElement
			: null;
		if (!parentList || !parentItem) {
			return false;
		}

		const ancestorList = parentItem.parentElement;
		const followingSiblings = [];
		let next = listItem.nextElementSibling;
		while (next) {
			followingSiblings.push(next);
			next = next.nextElementSibling;
		}

		ancestorList.insertBefore(listItem, parentItem.nextElementSibling);
		if (followingSiblings.length) {
			const nestedList = ensureDirectChildList(tracker, listItem, parentList.tagName);
			followingSiblings.forEach(sibling => nestedList.appendChild(sibling));
		}

		cleanupEmptyAncestorLists(tracker, parentList);
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply one toggle-list-type operation.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null} tracker      Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {Object}      rawOperation Structural operation payload.
	 * @param   {Object}      options      Apply-operation options.
	 * @returns {boolean}                  True when the mutation applied.
	 */
	function applyToggleListTypeOperation(tracker, rawOperation, options = {}) {
		if (!tracker?.listElement) {
			return false;
		}

		const listPath = rawOperation.listPath ?? rawOperation.list_path ?? '';
		const targetList = getListByPath(tracker, listPath);
		const editorHost = options?.editorHost && typeof options.editorHost.changeListType === 'function'
			? options.editorHost
			: null;
		const requestedType = targetList
			? (
				normalizeListTypeTagName(
					rawOperation.value
					?? rawOperation.listType
					?? rawOperation.list_type
					?? rawOperation.ordered
				) || (targetList.tagName === 'OL' ? 'UL' : 'OL')
			)
			: '';

		if (
			!targetList ||
			!requestedType ||
			targetList.tagName === requestedType ||
			!editorHost
		) {
			return false;
		}

		const nextList = editorHost.changeListType(targetList, requestedType.toLowerCase(), {
			saveHistory: options.saveHistory !== false,
			restoreCursor: options.restoreCursor !== false,
		});
		return !!nextList;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply one update-list-item-text operation.
	 *
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement} listItem     Target list item.
	 * @param   {Object}        rawOperation Structural operation payload.
	 * @returns {boolean}                   True when the mutation applied.
	 */
	function applyUpdateListItemTextOperation(listItem, rawOperation) {
		if (!listItem) {
			return false;
		}

		const directSurface = ensureDirectItemTextSurface(listItem);
		const html = typeof rawOperation?.contentHtml === 'string'
			? rawOperation.contentHtml
			: (typeof rawOperation?.html === 'string' ? rawOperation.html : '');
		const text = typeof rawOperation?.contentText === 'string'
			? rawOperation.contentText
			: (typeof rawOperation?.text === 'string' ? rawOperation.text : '');

		if (!directSurface) {
			return false;
		}

		directSurface.innerHTML = '';
		if (html) {
			directSurface.innerHTML = html;
		} else if (text) {
			directSurface.textContent = text;
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Insert one new list item relative to explicit before/after/list anchors.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null} tracker      Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {Object}      rawOperation Structural operation payload.
	 * @param   {Object}      trackerApi   List tracker API surface.
	 * @returns {boolean}                  True when the mutation applied.
	 */
	function applyInsertListItemOperation(tracker, rawOperation, trackerApi) {
		if (!tracker?.listElement || !trackerApi) {
			return false;
		}

		const beforePath = rawOperation.beforePath ?? rawOperation.before_path ?? '';
		const afterPath = rawOperation.afterPath ?? rawOperation.after_path ?? '';
		const listPath = rawOperation.listPath ?? rawOperation.list_path ?? '';
		const beforeItem = trackerApi.getItemByPath(tracker, beforePath);
		const afterItem = trackerApi.getItemByPath(tracker, afterPath);
		const newListItem = buildListItemFromOperation(rawOperation);

		if (beforeItem?.parentElement) {
			beforeItem.parentElement.insertBefore(newListItem, beforeItem);
			copyDonorItemAttributes(newListItem, beforeItem);
			inheritDestinationItemId(newListItem, beforeItem);
			return true;
		}

		if (afterItem?.parentElement) {
			afterItem.parentElement.insertBefore(newListItem, afterItem.nextElementSibling);
			copyDonorItemAttributes(newListItem, afterItem);
			inheritDestinationItemId(newListItem, afterItem);
			return true;
		}

		const targetList = getListByPath(tracker, listPath);
		if (!targetList) {
			return false;
		}

		const position = typeof rawOperation.position === 'string'
			? rawOperation.position.trim().toLowerCase()
			: 'append';
		if (position === 'prepend' && targetList.firstElementChild) {
			targetList.insertBefore(newListItem, targetList.firstElementChild);
		} else {
			targetList.appendChild(newListItem);
		}
		inheritDestinationItemId(newListItem);
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Move one existing list item relative to explicit before/after/list anchors.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null}    tracker      Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {HTMLLIElement}  listItem     Target list item.
	 * @param   {Object}         rawOperation Structural operation payload.
	 * @param   {Object}         trackerApi   List tracker API surface.
	 * @returns {boolean}                    True when the mutation applied.
	 */
	function applyMoveListItemOperation(tracker, listItem, rawOperation, trackerApi) {
		if (!tracker?.listElement || !listItem || !trackerApi) {
			return false;
		}

		const beforePath = rawOperation.beforePath ?? rawOperation.before_path ?? '';
		const afterPath = rawOperation.afterPath ?? rawOperation.after_path ?? '';
		const listPath = rawOperation.listPath ?? rawOperation.list_path ?? '';
		const beforeItem = trackerApi.getItemByPath(tracker, beforePath);
		const afterItem = trackerApi.getItemByPath(tracker, afterPath);
		const oldParentList = listItem.parentElement;
		let didApply = false;

		if (beforeItem && beforeItem !== listItem && !listItem.contains(beforeItem)) {
			beforeItem.parentElement.insertBefore(listItem, beforeItem);
			copyDonorItemAttributes(listItem, beforeItem);
			inheritDestinationItemId(listItem, beforeItem);
			didApply = true;
		} else if (afterItem && afterItem !== listItem && !listItem.contains(afterItem)) {
			afterItem.parentElement.insertBefore(listItem, afterItem.nextElementSibling);
			copyDonorItemAttributes(listItem, afterItem);
			inheritDestinationItemId(listItem, afterItem);
			didApply = true;
		} else if (typeof listPath === 'string') {
			const targetList = getListByPath(tracker, listPath);
			const ownerItem = targetList?.parentElement?.tagName === 'LI'
				? targetList.parentElement
				: null;

			if (targetList && ownerItem !== listItem && !listItem.contains(ownerItem || null)) {
				const position = typeof rawOperation.position === 'string'
					? rawOperation.position.trim().toLowerCase()
					: 'append';
				if (position === 'prepend' && targetList.firstElementChild) {
					targetList.insertBefore(listItem, targetList.firstElementChild);
				} else {
					targetList.appendChild(listItem);
				}
				inheritDestinationItemId(listItem);
				didApply = true;
			}
		}

		if (didApply) {
			cleanupEmptyAncestorLists(tracker, oldParentList);
		}

		return didApply;
	}

	/**
	 * Resolve one tracked list element from a list-path payload.
	 *
	 * The root list lives at the empty path. Nested lists are addressed by the
	 * tree path of the parent item that owns that child list.
	 *
	 * @param   {Object|null}            tracker   Active list tracker.
	 * @param   {string|Array<number>}   pathValue Root-empty list path or parent-item path.
	 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}                 Matching list element.
	 */
	function getListByPath(tracker, pathValue) {
		if (!tracker?.listElement) {
			return null;
		}

		if (
			pathValue === '' ||
			pathValue === null ||
			typeof pathValue === 'undefined' ||
			(Array.isArray(pathValue) && !pathValue.length) ||
			(typeof pathValue === 'string' && !pathValue.trim())
		) {
			return tracker.listElement;
		}

		const parentItem = ListBlockTracker.getItemByPath(tracker, pathValue);
		return parentItem ? getDirectChildList(parentItem) : null;
	}

	/**
	 * Normalize one requested list-type value to a DOM tag name.
	 *
	 * @param   {*} value Candidate list-type value.
	 * @returns {string}  `OL`, `UL`, or an empty string.
	 */
	function normalizeListTypeTagName(value) {
		if (value === true) {
			return 'OL';
		}
		if (value === false) {
			return 'UL';
		}

		const normalized = String(value || '').trim().toLowerCase();
		if (normalized === 'ordered' || normalized === 'ol' || normalized === 'true') {
			return 'OL';
		}
		if (normalized === 'unordered' || normalized === 'ul' || normalized === 'false') {
			return 'UL';
		}

		return '';
	}

    const ListBlockTracker = {
        active: null,
        
        /**
         * Initialize tracker for a list element
         * @param {HTMLElement} listElement - The UL or OL element
         * @param {Object} originalBlock - The complete WordPress block structure
         */
        init(listElement, originalBlock = {}) {
            if (!createBlock || !serializeBlocks) {
				console.error('wp.blocks not available');
			}

            const tracker = {
                listElement,
                originalBlock: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(originalBlock)),
                uuidMap: new Map(),  // uuid -> {type, attrs, element}
                domMap:  new WeakMap(),  // element -> uuid
                runtimeUuidMap: new Map(), // runtimeUuid -> {type, element}
                runtimeDomMap: new WeakMap() // element -> runtimeUuid
            };
            
			// Attach tracker to element to avoid singleton issues
    		listElement._mwpListTracker = tracker;

            // Build UUID tracking from DOM and original block structure
            this.buildFromDOM(tracker, listElement, originalBlock);
            this.active = tracker;
            return tracker;
        },
        
        /**
         * Build UUID mappings from DOM and original block structure
         * Assigns UUIDs to all lists and list items, mapping to their original attrs
         */
        buildFromDOM(tracker, listElement, originalBlock) {
			const previousEntries = tracker.uuidMap instanceof Map
				? new Map(tracker.uuidMap)
				: new Map();
			const previousRuntimeEntries = tracker.runtimeUuidMap instanceof Map
				? new Map(tracker.runtimeUuidMap)
				: new Map();

            tracker.uuidMap.clear();
            tracker.domMap = new WeakMap();
            tracker.runtimeUuidMap.clear();
            tracker.runtimeDomMap = new WeakMap();
            tracker.listElement = listElement;
			this.syncEditableTextSurfaces(listElement);
            
			this.registerRuntimeIdentity(
				tracker,
				listElement,
				'list',
				previousRuntimeEntries
			);

            // Assign UUID to root list and map to original attrs
            const rootUuid = this.getOrCreateUuid(listElement, 'list');
			const previousRootEntry = previousEntries.get(rootUuid);
            tracker.uuidMap.set(rootUuid, {
                type:    'list',
                attrs:   previousRootEntry?.attrs
					? cloneListAttrs(previousRootEntry.attrs, true)
					: cloneListAttrs(originalBlock.attrs || {}, true),
                element: listElement
            });
            tracker.domMap.set(listElement, rootUuid);
            
            // Recursively process list structure
            this.processListRecursive(
				tracker,
				listElement,
				originalBlock.innerBlocks || [],
				previousEntries,
				previousRuntimeEntries
			);
        },
        
        /**
         * Recursively process list items and nested lists, assigning UUIDs
         */
        processListRecursive(
			tracker,
			listElement,
			originalItems,
			previousEntries = new Map(),
			previousRuntimeEntries = new Map()
		) {
            const items = getDirectListItems(listElement);
            
            items.forEach((li, index) => {
				this.syncEditableTextSurfaces(li);
                const originalItem = originalItems[index] || {};
				this.registerRuntimeIdentity(
					tracker,
					li,
					'item',
					previousRuntimeEntries
				);
                const itemUuid     = this.getOrCreateUuid(li, 'item');
				const previousItemEntry = previousEntries.get(itemUuid);
                
                // Map UUID to original item attrs
                tracker.uuidMap.set(itemUuid, {
                    type:    'item',
                    attrs:   previousItemEntry?.attrs
						? JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(previousItemEntry.attrs || {}))
						: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(originalItem.attrs || {})),
                    element: li
                });
                tracker.domMap.set(li, itemUuid);
                
                // Handle nested lists
                const nestedList = getDirectChildList(li);
                if (nestedList) {
                    const originalNested = originalItem.innerBlocks?.[0] || {};
					this.registerRuntimeIdentity(
						tracker,
						nestedList,
						'list',
						previousRuntimeEntries
					);
                    const nestedUuid     = this.getOrCreateUuid(nestedList, 'list');
					const previousNestedEntry = previousEntries.get(nestedUuid);
                    
                    // Map nested list attrs without plugin UUID ownership.
                    // The tracker still needs a temporary DOM identity for list
                    // editing, but persisting mwpSfeUuid* on nested lists would
                    // fracture one logical list into multiple save/history roots.
                    tracker.uuidMap.set(nestedUuid, {
                        type:    'list',
                        attrs:   previousNestedEntry?.attrs
							? cloneListAttrs(previousNestedEntry.attrs, false)
							: cloneListAttrs(originalNested.attrs || {}, false),
                        element: nestedList
                    });
                    tracker.domMap.set(nestedList, nestedUuid);
                    
                    // Recurse into nested list
                    this.processListRecursive(
						tracker,
						nestedList,
						originalNested.innerBlocks || [],
						previousEntries,
						previousRuntimeEntries
					);
                }
            });
        },

		/**
		 * Register one list or list-item runtime identity on the tracker.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object}   tracker                Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {Element}  element                Live list or list-item element.
		 * @param   {string}   type                   Supported runtime identity type.
		 * @param   {Map}      previousRuntimeEntries Previous runtime entry map.
		 * @returns {string}                          Resolved runtime UUID.
		 */
		registerRuntimeIdentity(
			tracker,
			element,
			type,
			previousRuntimeEntries = new Map()
		) {
			const runtimeUuid = this.getOrCreateRuntimeUuid(
				tracker,
				element,
				type,
				previousRuntimeEntries
			);
			if (!runtimeUuid) {
				return '';
			}

			tracker.runtimeUuidMap.set(runtimeUuid, {
				type,
				element,
			});
			tracker.runtimeDomMap.set(element, runtimeUuid);
			return runtimeUuid;
		},

		/**
		 * Return whether one runtime UUID is already owned by a different element.
		 *
		 * Native contenteditable list splitting can clone DOM attributes from the
		 * source item into the newly created sibling. When that happens, the new
		 * runtime UUID must be reseeded so each live cursor target stays unique.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object}        tracker     Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {string}        runtimeUuid Candidate runtime UUID.
		 * @param   {Element|null}  element     Element requesting that UUID.
		 * @returns {boolean}                  True when the UUID belongs elsewhere.
		 */
		isRuntimeUuidClaimedByDifferentElement(tracker, runtimeUuid, element) {
			const normalizedRuntimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(runtimeUuid);
			if (!tracker?.runtimeUuidMap || !normalizedRuntimeUuid) {
				return false;
			}

			const existingEntry = tracker.runtimeUuidMap.get(normalizedRuntimeUuid);
			return !!(existingEntry?.element && existingEntry.element !== element);
		},
        
        /**
         * Get the inherited structural ID for an element or seed it from the
         * runtime UUID when it does not exist yet.
         *
         * Structural IDs may be intentionally copied by native list splitting so
         * related items can retain style inheritance. They are not treated as
         * unique runtime cursor identifiers.
         */
        getOrCreateUuid(element, type) {
            const attrName = type === 'list' ? LIST_ID_ATTR : LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR;
            let uuid       = element.getAttribute(attrName);
            
            if (!uuid) {
                uuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
					element.getAttribute(
						type === 'list'
							? LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR
							: LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR
					)
				) || this.generateTempUuid();
                element.setAttribute(attrName, uuid);
            }
            
            return uuid;
        },

		/**
		 * Return the existing runtime UUID for one element or create one.
		 *
		 * Caller-supplied runtime UUIDs win for newly created items/lists. When an
		 * element already belongs to the previous tracker build, its existing
		 * runtime UUID is preserved so API references remain stable across rebuilds.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object}  tracker                Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {Element} element                Live list or list-item element.
		 * @param   {string}  type                   Supported runtime identity type.
		 * @param   {Map}     previousRuntimeEntries Previous runtime entry map.
		 * @returns {string}                         Session-scoped runtime UUID.
		 */
		getOrCreateRuntimeUuid(
			tracker,
			element,
			type,
			previousRuntimeEntries = new Map()
		) {
			const attrName = getRuntimeUuidAttributeName(type);
			if (!attrName || !isRuntimeIdentityElement(element, type)) {
				return '';
			}

			let runtimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(element.getAttribute(attrName));
			if (!runtimeUuid) {
				for (const [candidateUuid, entry] of previousRuntimeEntries.entries()) {
					if (entry?.element === element && entry.type === type) {
						runtimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(candidateUuid);
						break;
					}
				}
			}

			if (this.isRuntimeUuidClaimedByDifferentElement(tracker, runtimeUuid, element)) {
				runtimeUuid = '';
			}

			if (!runtimeUuid) {
				runtimeUuid = this.generateTempUuid();
			}

			element.setAttribute(attrName, runtimeUuid);
			return runtimeUuid;
		},
        
        /**
         * Generate a RFC4122 version 4 UUID
         */
        generateTempUuid() {
            return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(c) {
                const r = Math.random() * 16 | 0;
                const v = c === 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8);
                return v.toString(16);
            });
        },

		/**
		 * Return the zero-based tree path for one list item inside the tracked list.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object}          tracker   Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {HTMLLIElement}   listItem  Candidate list item.
		 * @returns {number[]|null}            Zero-based indexes, or null on failure.
		 */
		getPathIndexesForItem(tracker, listItem) {
			if (
				!tracker?.listElement ||
				!listItem ||
				listItem.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE ||
				listItem.tagName !== 'LI' ||
				!tracker.listElement.contains(listItem)
			) {
				return null;
			}

			const indexes = [];
			let currentItem = listItem;
			while (currentItem && tracker.listElement.contains(currentItem)) {
				const parentList = currentItem.parentElement;
				if (!parentList || (parentList.tagName !== 'UL' && parentList.tagName !== 'OL')) {
					return null;
				}

				const siblingItems = getDirectListItems(parentList);
				const itemIndex = siblingItems.indexOf(currentItem);
				if (itemIndex < 0) {
					return null;
				}

				indexes.unshift(itemIndex);
				const nextItem = parentList.closest('li');
				if (!nextItem || !tracker.listElement.contains(nextItem)) {
					break;
				}
				currentItem = nextItem;
			}

			return indexes.length ? indexes : null;
		},

		/**
		 * Return the direct list item currently living at one tree path.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object}               tracker    Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {string|Array<number>} pathValue  Zero-based path value.
		 * @returns {HTMLLIElement|null}              Matching list item.
		 */
		getItemByPath(tracker, pathValue) {
			const indexes = normalizePathIndexes(pathValue);
			if (!tracker?.listElement || !Array.isArray(indexes) || !indexes.length) {
				return null;
			}

			let currentList = tracker.listElement;
			let currentItem = null;

			for (let index = 0; index < indexes.length; index++) {
				const itemIndex = indexes[index];
				const siblingItems = getDirectListItems(currentList);
				currentItem = siblingItems[itemIndex] || null;
				if (!currentItem) {
					return null;
				}

				if (index === indexes.length - 1) {
					return currentItem;
				}

				currentList = getDirectChildList(currentItem);
				if (!currentList) {
					return null;
				}
			}

			return currentItem;
		},

		/**
		 * Resolve one list element back to its public list path.
		 *
		 * The root list is addressed as an empty string. Nested child lists are
		 * addressed by the path of the parent list item that owns them.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object|null}      tracker     Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {HTMLElement|null} listElement Candidate list element.
		 * @returns {string}                      Root-relative list path.
		 */
		getPathForList(tracker, listElement) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			if (!tracker?.listElement || !listElement || listElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
				return '';
			}

			if (listElement === tracker.listElement) {
				return '';
			}

			const parentItem = (
				listElement.parentElement &&
				listElement.parentElement.tagName === 'LI'
			)
				? listElement.parentElement
				: null;
			if (!parentItem) {
				return '';
			}

			const indexes = this.getPathIndexesForItem(tracker, parentItem);
			return Array.isArray(indexes) ? indexes.join('_') : '';
		},

		/**
		 * Return one tracked list item by runtime UUID.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object|null}      tracker      Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {string}           runtimeUuid  Session-scoped item UUID.
		 * @returns {HTMLLIElement|null}            Matching list item.
		 */
		getItemByRuntimeUuid(tracker, runtimeUuid) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			const element = findElementByRuntimeUuid(tracker, runtimeUuid, 'item');
			return element && element.tagName === 'LI' ? element : null;
		},

		/**
		 * Return one tracked list by runtime UUID.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object|null}      tracker      Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {string}           runtimeUuid  Session-scoped list UUID.
		 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}              Matching list element.
		 */
		getListByRuntimeUuid(tracker, runtimeUuid) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			const element = findElementByRuntimeUuid(tracker, runtimeUuid, 'list');
			return isListElementForRuntimeLookup(element) ? element : null;
		},

		/**
		 * Return the runtime UUID for one tracked list item.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object|null}      tracker   Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {HTMLLIElement}    listItem  Live list item.
		 * @returns {string}                    Session-scoped item UUID.
		 */
		getRuntimeUuidForItem(tracker, listItem) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			if (!tracker?.listElement || !listItem || listItem.tagName !== 'LI') {
				return '';
			}

			return normalizeRuntimeUuid(
				listItem.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR)
					|| tracker.runtimeDomMap?.get(listItem)
			);
		},

		/**
		 * Return the runtime UUID for one tracked list.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object|null}      tracker     Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {HTMLElement}      listElement Live list element.
		 * @returns {string}                      Session-scoped list UUID.
		 */
		getRuntimeUuidForList(tracker, listElement) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			if (!tracker?.listElement || !isListElementForRuntimeLookup(listElement)) {
				return '';
			}

			return normalizeRuntimeUuid(
				listElement.getAttribute(LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR)
					|| tracker.runtimeDomMap?.get(listElement)
			);
		},
        
        /**
         * Parse current DOM list structure to WordPress block format
         * Uses UUID to preserve original attrs, updates only content and ordered
         *
         * @param {HTMLElement} listElement         Live UL/OL element.
         * @param {Object}      tracker             Active list tracker.
         * @param {boolean}     allowUuidOwnership  True only for the outermost
         *                                          core/list. Nested lists must
         *                                          serialize without persisted
         *                                          plugin UUID attrs.
         */
        parseListToBlock(listElement, tracker, allowUuidOwnership = true) {
			const isOrdered = listElement.tagName === 'OL';
			const uuid      = listElement.getAttribute(LIST_ID_ATTR);
			let attrs       = { ordered: isOrdered };

			if (uuid && tracker && tracker.uuidMap.has(uuid)) {
				const original      = tracker.uuidMap.get(uuid);
				const originalAttrs = (Array.isArray(original.attrs) || !original.attrs)
					? {}
					: cloneListAttrs(original.attrs, allowUuidOwnership);
				attrs = { ...originalAttrs, ordered: isOrdered };
			}

			const listItems   = Array.from(listElement.children).filter(el => el.tagName === 'LI');
			const innerBlocks = listItems.map(li => this.parseListItemToBlock(li, tracker));

			return createBlock('core/list', attrs, innerBlocks);
		},
        
        /**
         * Parse a list item to WordPress block format
         * Preserves original attrs if UUID exists
         */
        parseListItemToBlock(liElement, tracker) {
			const uuid = liElement.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR);
			let attrs  = {};

			if (uuid && tracker && tracker.uuidMap.has(uuid)) {
				const original = tracker.uuidMap.get(uuid);
				attrs = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(original.attrs || {}));
			}

			// Recurse into nested list using the live element before cloning
			const innerBlocks  = [];
			const nestedListEl = liElement.querySelector(':scope > ul, :scope > ol');
			if (nestedListEl) {
				innerBlocks.push(this.parseListToBlock(nestedListEl, tracker, false));
			}

			const clone         = liElement.cloneNode(true);
			const directSurface = clone.querySelector(`:scope > [${LIST_ITEM_TEXT_ATTR}="1"]`);
			let content         = '';

			if (directSurface) {
				const cleanedSurface = this.cleanElement(directSurface);
				content = cleanedSurface.innerHTML.trim();
			} else {
				const nestedInClone = clone.querySelector(':scope > ul, :scope > ol');
				if (nestedInClone) nestedInClone.remove();

				const cleaned = this.cleanElement(clone);
				content = cleaned.innerHTML.trim();
			}

			return createBlock('core/list-item', { ...attrs, content }, innerBlocks);
		},

        /**
         * Clean element using ElementPrep
         * Removes editing artifacts while preserving UUIDs and content
         */
        cleanElement(element) {
            if (SFE.ElementPrep) {
                return SFE.ElementPrep.clean(element, {
                    removeIdentity: true,
                    removeControls: true,
                    clone:          false  // Already working with a clone
                });
            }
            
            console.error('ElementPrep not found');
            return element;
        },
        
        /**
         * Serialize the current list structure to WordPress block format
         * Preserves all original attrs, updates only content and ordered
         */
        serialize(tracker) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			if (!tracker) return null;

			const block = this.parseListToBlock(tracker.listElement, tracker);
			return serializeBlocks([block]);
		},
        
        /**
         * Update the tracker's element reference
         * Used when the list element is replaced (e.g., OL to UL conversion)
         */
		updateElement(tracker, newElement) {
            if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
            if (!tracker) return;

			// Ensure new element keeps the tracker reference
    		newElement._mwpListTracker = tracker;
			this.syncEditableTextSurfaces(newElement);
            
            tracker.listElement = newElement;
            
            // Update element references in uuidMap
            tracker.uuidMap.forEach((value, key) => {
                if (value.type === 'list') {
                    const newEl = newElement.querySelector(`[${LIST_ID_ATTR}="${key}"]`) || 
                                 (newElement.getAttribute(LIST_ID_ATTR) === key ? newElement : null);
                    if (newEl) {
                        value.element = newEl;
                    }
                } else if (value.type === 'item') {
                    const newEl = newElement.querySelector(`[${LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR}="${key}"]`);
                    if (newEl) {
                        value.element = newEl;
                    }
                }
            });

			tracker.runtimeUuidMap.forEach((value, key) => {
				if (value.type === 'list') {
					const newEl = this.getListByRuntimeUuid(tracker, key);
					if (newEl) {
						value.element = newEl;
						tracker.runtimeDomMap.set(newEl, key);
					}
				} else if (value.type === 'item') {
					const newEl = this.getItemByRuntimeUuid(tracker, key);
					if (newEl) {
						value.element = newEl;
						tracker.runtimeDomMap.set(newEl, key);
					}
				}
			});
        },

		/**
		 * Return one tree-aware structural snapshot for the active list.
		 *
		 * @param   {Object|null} tracker Active list tracker.
		 * @returns {Object|null}         Lightweight structure snapshot.
		 */
		getStructure(tracker) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			if (!tracker?.listElement) {
				return null;
			}

			const buildListNode = (listElement, listPath = '', parentIndexes = []) => ({
				listUuid: this.getRuntimeUuidForList(tracker, listElement),
				listPath,
				ordered: listElement.tagName === 'OL',
				items: getDirectListItems(listElement).map((listItem, index) => {
					const indexes = [ ...parentIndexes, index ];
					const pathMeta = buildPathMeta(indexes);
					const directSurface = ensureDirectItemTextSurface(listItem);
					const nestedList = getDirectChildList(listItem);

					return {
						itemUuid: this.getRuntimeUuidForItem(tracker, listItem),
						path: pathMeta.path,
						pathLabel: pathMeta.pathLabel,
						depth: pathMeta.depth,
						contentHtml: directSurface ? directSurface.innerHTML.trim() : '',
						childList: nestedList
							? buildListNode(nestedList, pathMeta.path, indexes)
							: null,
					};
				}),
			});

			return buildListNode(tracker.listElement, '', []);
		},

		/**
		 * Apply one primitive structural list operation against the live tracked
		 * DOM.
		 *
		 * Public API calls are translated into this lower-level operation set by
		 * the shared schema executor so the tracker only needs to understand the
		 * canonical primitive mutation layer.
		 *
		 * Supported primitive kinds:
		 * - `insert_list_item`
		 * - `remove_list_item`
		 * - `move_list_item`
		 * - `indent_list_item`
		 * - `outdent_list_item`
		 * - `update_list_item_text`
		 * - `toggle_list_type`
		 *
		 * @param   {Object|null} tracker      Active list tracker.
		 * @param   {Object}      rawOperation Structural operation payload.
		 * @returns {Object|null}              Result summary when applied.
		 */
		applyOperation(tracker, rawOperation, options = {}) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			if (!tracker?.listElement || !rawOperation || typeof rawOperation !== 'object') {
				return null;
			}

			const kind = typeof rawOperation.kind === 'string' ? rawOperation.kind.trim().toLowerCase() : '';
			const path = rawOperation.path ?? rawOperation.itemPath ?? rawOperation.item_path ?? '';
			const listItem = this.getItemByPath(tracker, path);
			let didApply = false;

			if (kind === 'remove_list_item' && listItem) {
				didApply = applyRemoveListItemOperation(tracker, listItem);
			} else if (kind === 'indent_list_item' && listItem) {
				didApply = applyIndentListItemOperation(tracker, listItem);
			} else if (kind === 'outdent_list_item' && listItem) {
				didApply = applyOutdentListItemOperation(tracker, listItem);
			} else if (kind === 'toggle_list_type') {
				didApply = applyToggleListTypeOperation(tracker, rawOperation, options);
			} else if (kind === 'update_list_item_text' && listItem) {
				didApply = applyUpdateListItemTextOperation(listItem, rawOperation);
			} else if (kind === 'insert_list_item') {
				didApply = applyInsertListItemOperation(tracker, rawOperation, this);
			} else if (kind === 'move_list_item' && listItem) {
				didApply = applyMoveListItemOperation(tracker, listItem, rawOperation, this);
			}

			if (!didApply) {
				return null;
			}

			this.syncEditableTextSurfaces(tracker.listElement);
			this.buildFromDOM(tracker, tracker.listElement, tracker.originalBlock || {});

			return {
				kind,
				structure: this.getStructure(tracker),
			};
		},

		/**
		 * Ensure every list item in one tree has one direct text surface.
		 *
		 * @param   {HTMLElement|null} rootElement Candidate list root or list item.
		 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}            Normalized root element.
		 */
		syncEditableTextSurfaces(rootElement) {
			if (!rootElement || rootElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
				return null;
			}

			if (rootElement.tagName === 'LI') {
				ensureDirectItemTextSurface(rootElement);
				Array.from(rootElement.children || [])
					.filter(child => isNestedListNode(child))
					.forEach(childList => this.syncEditableTextSurfaces(childList));
				return rootElement;
			}

			if (rootElement.tagName !== 'UL' && rootElement.tagName !== 'OL') {
				return rootElement;
			}

			Array.from(rootElement.children || [])
				.filter(child => child.tagName === 'LI')
				.forEach(li => this.syncEditableTextSurfaces(li));
			return rootElement;
		},

		/**
		 * Ensure runtime UUID attributes are unique within one live list tree.
		 *
		 * Native contenteditable list splitting can clone `li` and nested list
		 * attributes verbatim before FrontEdit regains control. This pass reseeds only the
		 * session-scoped runtime UUID attributes so freshly created structures become
		 * distinct live API/editor targets immediately, while leaving `data-item-id`
		 * and `data-list-id` untouched for their separate responsibilities.
		 *
		 * @param   {HTMLElement|null} rootElement Candidate list root.
		 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}            Normalized root element.
		 */
		ensureUniqueRuntimeUuids(rootElement) {
			if (
				!rootElement ||
				rootElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE ||
				(rootElement.tagName !== 'UL' && rootElement.tagName !== 'OL')
			) {
				return rootElement || null;
			}

			const seenListRuntimeUuids = new Set();
			const seenItemRuntimeUuids = new Set();
			const collectLists = [ rootElement, ...Array.from(rootElement.querySelectorAll('ul, ol')) ];
			const collectItems = Array.from(rootElement.querySelectorAll('li'));

			collectLists.forEach(listElement => {
				const runtimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
					listElement.getAttribute(LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR)
				);
				if (!runtimeUuid) {
					return;
				}

				if (seenListRuntimeUuids.has(runtimeUuid)) {
					listElement.setAttribute(LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR, this.generateTempUuid());
					return;
				}

				seenListRuntimeUuids.add(runtimeUuid);
			});

			collectItems.forEach(listItem => {
				const runtimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
					listItem.getAttribute(LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR)
				);
				if (!runtimeUuid) {
					return;
				}

				if (seenItemRuntimeUuids.has(runtimeUuid)) {
					listItem.setAttribute(LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR, this.generateTempUuid());
					return;
				}

				seenItemRuntimeUuids.add(runtimeUuid);
			});

			return rootElement;
		},

		/**
		 * Ensure one live list tree has the required structural IDs and runtime UUIDs.
		 *
		 * On first editor activation, list elements may not yet have either identity
		 * attribute family. Seed both from one generated UUID per element so the
		 * initial history snapshot captures stable targeting data. Later native list
		 * splits may intentionally copy the structural IDs; in those cases this pass
		 * preserves the structural IDs and only reseeds duplicated runtime UUIDs.
		 *
		 * @param   {HTMLElement|null} rootElement Candidate list root.
		 * @returns {HTMLElement|null}            Normalized root element.
		 */
		ensureIdentityAttributes(rootElement) {
			if (
				!rootElement ||
				rootElement.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE ||
				(rootElement.tagName !== 'UL' && rootElement.tagName !== 'OL')
			) {
				return rootElement || null;
			}

			const syncIdentityPair = (element, structuralAttrName, runtimeAttrName) => {
				if (!element || element.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
					return;
				}

				let structuralId = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
					element.getAttribute(structuralAttrName)
				);
				let runtimeUuid = normalizeRuntimeUuid(
					element.getAttribute(runtimeAttrName)
				);

				if (!structuralId && !runtimeUuid) {
					runtimeUuid = this.generateTempUuid();
					structuralId = runtimeUuid;
				} else if (!runtimeUuid) {
					runtimeUuid = structuralId;
				} else if (!structuralId) {
					structuralId = runtimeUuid;
				}

				element.setAttribute(structuralAttrName, structuralId);
				element.setAttribute(runtimeAttrName, runtimeUuid);
			};

			syncIdentityPair(rootElement, LIST_ID_ATTR, LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR);

			Array.from(rootElement.querySelectorAll('ul, ol')).forEach(listElement => {
				syncIdentityPair(listElement, LIST_ID_ATTR, LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR);
			});

			Array.from(rootElement.querySelectorAll('li')).forEach(listItem => {
				syncIdentityPair(listItem, LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR, LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR);
			});

			return this.ensureUniqueRuntimeUuids(rootElement);
		},

		getDirectItemTextSurface,

		normalizePathIndexes,

		buildPathMeta,

		getRuntimeUuidAttributeName,

		getListRuntimeUuidAttributeName() {
			return LIST_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR;
		},

		getListItemRuntimeUuidAttributeName() {
			return LIST_ITEM_RUNTIME_UUID_ATTR;
		},

		getListIdAttributeName() {
			return LIST_ID_ATTR;
		},

		getListItemIdAttributeName() {
			return LIST_ITEM_ID_ATTR;
		},
        
        /**
         * Destroy tracker and clean up
         */
        destroy(tracker) {
			if (!tracker) tracker = this.active;
			if (!tracker) return;

			tracker.uuidMap.clear();
			tracker.runtimeUuidMap.clear();
			if (tracker.listElement) {
				delete tracker.listElement._mwpListTracker;
			}
			if (this.active === tracker) this.active = null;
		}
    };

	/**
	 * Return whether one element is a live list node for runtime lookup helpers.
	 *
	 * @param   {Element|null} element Candidate DOM element.
	 * @returns {boolean}              True when the element is `UL` or `OL`.
	 */
	function isListElementForRuntimeLookup(element) {
		return !!(
			element &&
			element.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE &&
			(element.tagName === 'UL' || element.tagName === 'OL')
		);
	}

    // Expose globally
    SFE.ListBlockTracker = ListBlockTracker;

})();
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							<h1 class="wd-entities-title wd-post-title title">Las Vegas : entre mythes et réalité économique d&#8217;une ville-monde</h1>
			
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			October 7, 2025		</time>
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								On October 7, 2025							</time>
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			<p>Las Vegas, souvent réduite à son image de casino et de fête sans fin, est en réalité un phare économique et culturel du désert américain. Au-delà des néons et des spectacles, la ville a su transformer son environnement hostile en un modèle de résilience et d&#8217;innovation, attirant des investissements massifs et façonnant une économie complexe. Ses chiffres reflètent une croissance constante, malgré les défis liés à la pandémie et aux cycles économiques nationaux. Entre 2019 et 2022, le produit intérieur brut (PIB) local a augmenté de près de 15 %, portée par des secteurs comme le tourisme, la technologie et les infrastructures. La ville, longtemps associée à l&#8217;excès, a diversifié son offre pour devenir un hub technologique et une plateforme de développement durable, prouvant qu&#8217;elle peut concilier spectacle et pragmatisme.</p>
<p>L&#8217;impact culturel de Las Vegas dépasse largement ses frontières. La ville a exporté son modèle de divertissement à travers le monde, inspirant des villes européennes comme Monaco ou Dubai à adopter des concepts similaires. Son influence s&#8217;étend aussi à l&#8217;architecture et à l&#8217;urbanisme, avec des projets comme le Bellagio ou le Mirage, qui mélangent esthétique et fonctionnalité. Pourtant, cette dynamisme cache des tensions sociales et environnementales. Les inégalités de revenus entre les employés des casinos et les classes aisées, ainsi que les problèmes liés à la consommation d&#8217;alcool et aux jeux d&#8217;argent, restent des sujets sensibles. Malgré ces défis, Las Vegas continue de se réinventer, avec des projets ambitieux comme le transformation de l&#8217;aéroport McCarran en un hub technologique et logistique.</p>
<h2>Un modèle économique résilient malgré les crises</h2>
<p>Las Vegas a démontré une capacité rare à traverser les crises économiques. Pendant la Grande Récession, alors que beaucoup de villes américaines voyaient leurs budgets s&#8217;effondrer, la ville a maintenu une croissance relative grâce à sa dépendance au tourisme international. En 2008, le nombre de visiteurs a chuté de 20 %, mais la ville a rapidement rebondi, notamment grâce à une stratégie de diversification vers des marchés émergents comme l&#8217;Asie et l&#8217;Amérique latine. Les casinos ont aussi investi massivement dans des infrastructures comme les parcs d&#8217;attractions ou les centres commerciaux, créant des emplois locaux et atténuant les chocs économiques. Aujourd&#8217;hui, plus de 30 % des emplois à Las Vegas sont liés au tourisme, un secteur qui résiste mieux que beaucoup d&#8217;autres à la volatilité des marchés financiers.</p>
<p>Un autre atout majeur est son rôle dans l&#8217;économie du divertissement et de la technologie. Las Vegas est devenue une plateforme incontournable pour les événements professionnels, avec des salons comme le CES (Consumer Electronics Show) ou des conférences technologiques qui attirent des milliers de visiteurs. Ces événements génèrent des revenus substantiels et créent des opportunités pour les startups et les entreprises locales. Par exemple, le CES, qui se tient chaque année au Las Vegas Convention Center, attire des investisseurs de plus de 100 pays, contribuant à dynamiser l&#8217;économie locale. Cette diversification permet à la ville de réduire sa dépendance aux flux touristiques saisonniers et de stabiliser sa croissance économique.</p>
<ul>
<li>Entre 2019 et 2022, le PIB de Las Vegas a augmenté de 14,8 %, malgré la pandémie.</li>
<li>Plus de 35 % des emplois à Las Vegas dépendent directement ou indirectement du tourisme.</li>
<li>Le CES génère plus de 1,5 milliard de dollars de revenus annuels pour la région.</li>
<li>Las Vegas accueille près de 44 millions de visiteurs par an, soit environ 117 visiteurs pour chaque résident local.</li>
<li>Le secteur des casinos représente près de 20 % du PIB de la ville.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Las Vegas : entre tradition et innovation technologique</h2>
<p>Si Las Vegas reste une destination emblématique pour ses casinos et ses spectacles, la ville a su intégrer des avancées technologiques qui transforment son modèle économique. Les casinos modernes utilisent des systèmes de gestion avancés pour optimiser leurs opérations, tandis que les hôtels et les parcs d&#8217;attractions adoptent des technologies immersives comme la réalité virtuelle ou augmentée. Par exemple, le Bellagio a investi dans des installations de pointe pour ses spectacles aquatiques, tandis que le Wynn a développé des systèmes de réservation intelligents pour améliorer l&#8217;expérience client. Ces innovations permettent à la ville de rester compétitive face à des concurrents comme Macau ou Singapour, qui investissent également dans des technologies de pointe.</p>
<p>L&#8217;aspect technologique ne se limite pas aux casinos. Las Vegas est devenue une plateforme clé pour le développement de la 5G et de l&#8217;Internet des Objets (IoT). Des projets comme le &#8220;Smart City&#8221; de Las Vegas, qui vise à intégrer des capteurs et des données en temps réel dans les infrastructures urbaines, montrent l&#8217;engagement de la ville pour une transition numérique. Ces initiatives attirent des entreprises technologiques et créent des emplois qualifiés, renforçant ainsi son attractivité économique. Cependant, cette transition pose aussi des défis, notamment en matière de protection des données et de régulation des technologies émergentes. La ville doit trouver un équilibre entre innovation et respect des valeurs locales et internationales.</p>
<p>Un autre domaine où Las Vegas se distingue est son engagement dans les énergies renouvelables. La ville a lancé des projets pour réduire sa dépendance aux énergies fossiles, comme la construction de panneaux solaires sur les toits des casinos et des centres commerciaux. Par exemple, le Mandalay Bay Resort &amp; Casino a installé des systèmes de récupération d&#8217;eau et des panneaux solaires, réduisant sa consommation énergétique de près de 15 %. Ces initiatives montrent que Las Vegas peut concilier spectacle et durabilité, un modèle qui pourrait inspirer d&#8217;autres villes touristiques à travers le monde.</p>
<h2>Les défis sociaux et environnementaux d&#8217;une ville-monde</h2>
<p>Malgré ses succès, Las Vegas fait face à des défis majeurs qui remettent en question son modèle de développement. Les inégalités économiques sont particulièrement marquées : alors que les patrons des casinos gagnent des millions de dollars par an, les employés des hôtels et des restaurants gagnent souvent moins de 15 dollars de l&#8217;heure. Ces écarts de revenus alimentent des problèmes sociaux comme la pauvreté et l&#8217;exclusion, notamment dans les quartiers périphériques de la ville. Une étude de 2021 a révélé que près de 20 % des habitants de Las Vegas vivent sous le seuil de pauvreté, un taux bien supérieur à la moyenne nationale.</p>
<p>Les problèmes environnementaux sont aussi une préoccupation croissante. Las Vegas, située dans un désert, est confrontée à des défis liés à la gestion de l&#8217;eau et à la préservation de la biodiversité locale. Les projets d&#8217;expansion des casinos et des infrastructures touristiques consomment une quantité énorme d&#8217;eau, tandis que les déchets générés par la ville sont souvent mal gérés. Pour répondre à ces enjeux, la ville a mis en place des programmes de sensibilisation et des initiatives de recyclage, mais ces efforts restent insuffisants face à la croissance rapide du tourisme. Une autre question importante est celle de l&#8217;impact des nuisances sonores et lumineuses sur les écosystèmes locaux, notamment les oiseaux migrateurs qui fréquentent la région.</p>
<p>Face à ces défis, Las Vegas doit repenser son modèle de développement pour être plus durable et équitable. Cela passe par une meilleure régulation des activités économiques, des investissements dans les infrastructures sociales et une sensibilisation accrue des visiteurs à l&#8217;impact environnemental de leur séjour. Des initiatives comme le &#8220;Las Vegas Green Business Program&#8221;, qui récompense les entreprises engagées dans des pratiques durables, montrent que des solutions existent. Cependant, leur mise en œuvre reste un défi majeur pour une ville aussi dynamique et complexe que Las Vegas.</p>
<p>La ville continue d&#8217;évoluer, et son avenir dépendra de sa capacité à concilier spectacle, innovation et responsabilité sociale. Entre <a href="https://vegas11.fr/">page d&#8217;accueil</a> de ses différents acteurs économiques et une approche plus équitable de son développement, Las Vegas reste un laboratoire de modèles urbains qui mérite d&#8217;être étudié et imité. Son histoire rappelle que la croissance économique ne doit pas être au détriment de l&#8217;équité ou de l&#8217;environnement, et que les villes-monde doivent trouver un équilibre entre ambition et pragmatisme pour durer.</p>

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